India’s Population to Stabilise by 2080: What the Historic Shift Means for the Future

 India is entering a historic demographic transition. According to recent projections, the country’s population is expected to stabilise by 2080, reaching around 1.8–1.9 billion. This shift marks a major milestone, driven primarily by a steady decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR). From 3.5 in 2000, India’s TFR has now dropped to 1.9, slipping below the replacement level of 2.1.

This decline reflects improvements in education, women’s empowerment, healthcare access, and urbanisation. States like Kerala (≈1.5) and West Bengal (1.3) are leading this demographic shift, showcasing sharp reductions in fertility and rising social awareness.

Population stabilisation brings both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, a slower-growing population can ease pressure on resources, infrastructure, and public services. It creates room for sustainable development and higher per-capita income. On the other hand, India will need to prepare for an ageing population, potential workforce shortages, and shifting economic demands.

To truly benefit from this transition, proactive policies on skilling, healthcare, and social security will be essential. India’s demographic story is evolving—and with the right vision, this new phase can power long-term stability and growth.




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